India celebrates National Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Divas, every year on 26 November. This day marks the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1949. It reminds us of the values, rights, and responsibilities that guide our nation.
While most people know about the Preamble and fundamental rights, there are many interesting facts about the Constitution that are not widely known. Here are some of them, explained in simple English.
1. The Indian Constitution is one of the longest in the world
India’s Constitution is one of the longest written constitutions. When it was adopted, it had 395 Articles, 22 Parts, and 8 Schedules. Over the years, many amendments have been added, making it even larger.
2. It took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to complete
The Constituent Assembly spent almost 3 years writing and finalizing the Constitution. Every part was debated carefully to make sure it would suit India’s diverse population.
3. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is known as the ‘Father of the Indian Constitution’
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee. He played a major role in shaping the Constitution and ensuring it protected the rights of every citizen.
4. The original Constitution was handwritten
The original document was not typed. It was written entirely by hand in beautiful calligraphy. Prem Behari Narain Raizada was the calligrapher who wrote the English version.
5. Every page of the original Constitution is decorated
The original copies of the Constitution have beautiful artwork inspired by India’s culture and history. The designs were created by artists of Santiniketan, the university founded by Rabindranath Tagore.
6. It was signed by 284 members
Before the Constitution came into force, 284 members of the Constituent Assembly signed the document on 24 January 1950.
7. The Constitution came into effect on 26 January for a reason
India chose 26 January 1950 to enforce the Constitution because that date honored the Purna Swaraj Declaration of 1930, when India first demanded complete independence from British rule.
8. The Indian Constitution is a blend of many global ideas
India borrowed important features from various countries, such as:
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Fundamental Rights from the US
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Parliamentary system from the UK
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Directive Principles from Ireland
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Emergency provisions from Germany
It was designed to suit Indian conditions while learning from other democracies.
9. Hindi and English are the authentic texts
The Constitution is officially available in both English and Hindi. Any changes (amendments) are updated in both languages.
10. It is a living document
The Constitution can be changed when needed. So far, more than 100 amendments have been made. This helps the country adapt to changing times.
Why Constitution Day matters
Constitution Day is a reminder that:
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Every citizen has rights
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Every citizen has duties
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India’s democracy depends on justice, equality, and freedom
It encourages people to learn about the Constitution and understand how it shapes daily life.